The recent announcement by Catherine, Princess of Wales, regarding her cancer treatment was startling, especially given her age of 42, as cancer typically affects older demographics. Yet, studies are indicating an alarming trend of increasing cancer diagnoses in individuals younger than 50, a phenomenon not entirely understood by scientists.
A significant study published in BMJ Oncology last year highlighted a near 80% increase in cancer rates among the under-50 population between 1990 and 2019, forecasting an additional 30% rise by 2030, notably in affluent nations. Despite advancements in cancer survival rates, the mortality among young adults due to cancer has climbed by approximately 28% in three decades.
Shivan Sivakumar from the University of Birmingham in the UK described this surge in cancer among young adults as an epidemic. Following the disclosure of Catherine’s condition, medical professionals, including Sivakumar, have reported observing more young adults presenting with cancer at their clinics.
While breast cancer remains predominant among those under 50, there is a growing concern about increasing incidences of gastrointestinal cancers in this age group. In the U.S., colon cancer has become the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men under 50, as per the American Cancer Society.
The cause behind this rise remains speculative, with experts like Sivakumar and Helen Coleman, a professor of cancer epidemiology, suggesting various factors. These include early exposure to carcinogens like tobacco, alcohol, and obesity-inducing diets, particularly noting the obesity surge that began in the 1980s. Furthermore, an additional subset of younger cancer patients exists without clear risk factors, suggesting other influences at play.
Amidst theories ranging from chemical exposure to changes in gut microbiota, no definitive cause has been pinpointed. Speculations have also extended to ultra-processed foods and environmental changes impacting gut health, yet concrete evidence is lacking.
To counteract the increase in young-onset colorectal cancer, the U.S. recommended lowering the screening age to 45 in 2021, a guideline adjustment yet to be globally adopted. Through her public health struggle, Princess Catherine has inadvertently highlighted the importance of medical vigilance. As Sivakumar emphasized, individuals who notice any concerning changes in their health should promptly seek medical evaluation.
